Education in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Education in Pakistan Essay President Asif Ali Zardari signed ‘The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Bill 2012’ into law. The bill, which sought to ensure all children between five to 1 6 years of age are provided free education. He urged provincial governments to promulgate similar legislations in their respective assemblies as well. He said the responsibility for providing free education rests with both federal and provincial governments, referring to article 25-A of the Constitution. The article 25-A of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to children of the age group 5 to 16 years. The federal government will now provide free textbooks and uniform s to children and ensure schools have qualified teachers. Free pre-school education, early childhood care and free medical and dental inspection will also be provided to all citizens and no child will be subjected to corporal punishment â€Å"Under the law, private schools will be required to provide free education to disadvantaged students, who will comprise 10% of each class,† Zardari said, adding that school management committees will be established to persuade parents into sending their children to schools. â€Å"We will honor our international commitments and achieve the targets set by the Education for All and Millennium Development Goals initiatives. National Educational Policy 2009 Under the 18th constitutional amendment control and management of the education sector has been devolved to the provinces. They are now responsible for the key areas of the education sector i.e. curriculum and syllabus, centers of excellence, standards of education up to intermediate level (Grade 12) and Islamic education. Planning and policy and standards of education beyond Grade 12 are covered under Federal Legislative List. All the provinces have shown their commitment to the National Education Policy 2009. The National Educational Policy (NEP) 2009 is a milestone which aims to address a number of issues including: * Quality and quantity in schools and college education * Universal primary education * Improved Early Children Education (ECE) * Improved facilities in primary schools * Converting primary schools to elementary schools * Detaching classes XI-XII from college education * Adopting a comprehensive definition of ‘free ‘education * Achieving regional and gender parity especially at elementary level the share of resources for education in both public and private sectors Accordingto the latest Pakistan Social and Living StandardsMeasurement (PSLM) Survey 2010-11, the literacyrate for the population (10 years and above) is 58percent during 2010-11,

GM Financial :: essays research papers

Financial Information GM dealers sold 558,092 cars and trucks in June of 2005 up 41% compared to June of 2004. Gm had the best monthly sales since September 1986. The calendar year to date sales are up 2.5% for the 2005 year. Sales were spiked by GMs â€Å"Employee discount for everyone.† â€Å"We are confident that are employee discount program would hit a responsive cord, but we were a little surprised by just how strong the results were, including bringing over one hundred and fifty thousand new customers into the GM family in June. This definitely moves us in the right direction as we gear to introduce our 2006 models,† says Mark LaNeve, GM vice president of sales and marketing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GM of North America in June of 2005 produced 416,000 vehicles compared to 482,000 vehicles in June of 2004. GM had too much inventory and had to run an incentive program that worked. Globally GM has been an industry leader since 1931 and was founded in 1908. GM employs 321,000 individuals world wide. GM has Manufacturing operations in 32 countries and sells vehicles in 200 countries. In 2004 GM sold nearly 9 million vehicles globally. GM was up nearly 4% and posted its second highest total in company history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Incentives are ran by a company to try and entice a customer to purchase a vehicle. It is a temporary jump start for sales. The last couple years consumers have expect low rates but now GM throws out the employee pricing. Consumer would let the incentives break the tie on which vehicle to purchase. This day in age everyone has low rates ,cash rebates but now employee discount, good thing GM was the leader of the pack.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The financial outlook for present GM is superb and the employee discount drastically sparked sales for a temporary time period. The reason GM had to run an incentive program was the cause of abundance of Inventory and employees are too expensive to maintain. (Pension, benefits†¦..) Gm had an increase in finished product, service parts, etc†¦ between 2003 and 2004 in other words, total inventories increased by nearly one million dollars, as sales decreased during that time period. GM has also seen a rise in healthcare and other benefits in the United States. In 2004 GM had an obligation expense 89,384 million which GM had to pay for its current employees and past employees for the year in benefits.

Exploring the Mind of Internet Addicts Essay

Addiction is a commonly used word that is mostly associated with a substance(drug or alcohol) and sometimes thought of as an illness. We often hear the word addiction thrown around in conversations. I’ve often used the word addiction when referring to my love of chocolate, but in this case it’s just an expression of speech. For a long time now, though, a lot of controversy has been going on about adding other activities, other than substance use to the word addiction. In this case excessive use of the Internet, Internet Addiction(IA). Many people are wanting to take addiction to a whole new level, by adding Internet Addiction to the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; in other words the â€Å"psychiatric bible†) but is our need, love, desire, and excessive use of the internet just a compulsion or an addiction? Addiction is when a person is dependent on a behavior or specific substance in order to cope with life. The dependence is so important to the individual that even when it becomes harmful to themselves, their family, work, and other important areas of their life they will persist in using the substance, or engaging in the behavior. Also, â€Å"There are actual changes that occur in the brains of addicts and treatments for addiction must address the biology behind the behavior.† So far addictions have focused on highs that are caused from the use of drugs or other substances that affect the brain’s chemical responses. However it has recently been discovered that a person can receive a similar â€Å"high† from using the Internet. The research for this disorder is scarce and fairly new, but the results leave something to argue about for the supporting side. Overly excessive use of the Internet affects everyone involved with the â€Å"user.† There have been con fessions from individuals who claim to suffer from IAD (Internet Addiction Disorder). A case was, reported in the New York Times, A woman who had been divorced by her husband because of her excessive use of the Internet. Still the woman did not come to her senses and continued to use the internet so much that she forgot to buy food for her children, to take them to doctor appointments, and to buy enough oil to warm her home.(Maria Garcia Duran) Sounds like an addiction, but this still doesn’t fit the whole criteria. Remember you have to experience a chemical effect in the brain when your considering an obsessive need for something to be a diagnose as an addiction. There may be some alternative chemical change in her brain, such as the internet use is causing her to be happy, which means endorphins are being released to the brain. But this article isn’t clear on whether the internet use really makes her happy, or helps her hide from reality which may still leave her with the same mood set, but just in hiding. Most people who think they are addicted may just be suffering from the desire to not want to deal with other problems going on in their lives. Those problems may in fact be a mental disorder like anxiety or depression. It may be a a relationship problem, serious disability or health problem. The internet use is no different than TV use, so you won’t have to â€Å"go out with the boys† for drinks or talking to your spouse. Others who spend to much time online with out any other problems present may just be suffering from compulsive over-use.

The Holocaust During World War II - 1920 Words

In his novel, Night, Elie Wiesel recounts the horrific experiences that he faced as a survivor of the Holocaust during World War II. The following passage presents the impossible struggle to maintain a decent quality of life in the face of war: We received no food. We lived on snow; it took the place of bread. The days resembled nights, and the nights left in our souls the dregs of their darkness. The train rolled slowly, often halted for a few hours, and continued. It never stopped snowing. We remained lying on the floor for days and nights, one on top of the other, never uttering a word. We were nothing but frozen bodies. Our eyes closed, we merely waited for the next stop, to unload our dead. (100) As indicated in the quotation, Elie Wiesel is recalling his transport to the concentration camp of Buchenwald. They were packed tightly into cattle cars and given no food or water for multiple days at a time. This, along with other dehumanizing acts by the Nazis, represents the quality of life for all Holocaust victims. Although conditions varied from camp to camp, the astounding evidence found in literature reveals that every person touched by the evils of Nazi Germany was affected in a negative, horrific way. In the overall face of war, the quality of life is universally degrading to the entire human race in all aspects (on and off the battlefield) which can be traced thematically through related literature. War is an inevitable aspect of human nature, consideringShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust During World War II1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holocaust was an event that took place from 1933 to 1945 in Germany. During this time, Adolf Hitler was in charge, resulting in the prejudice actions that are well written in history. Facing economic, social, and political oppression, thousands of German Jews wanted to flee, but found few countries wanting to take them in. Eventually, under Hitler’s leadership, some 6 million Jews were murdered during World War II. In this time period the Nazi’s waged a war against the Jews and other races thatRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1356 Words   |  6 PagesDuring World War II, the world witnessed unspeakable acts of violence, particularly that of the Holocaust. The Holocaust was a mass genocide primarily of, but not limited to, the Jewish population in Germany, and other countries that were controlled by Germany. From 1941 to 1945, the Jews were targeted and methodically murdered because of Hitler’s views of his Utopian society made up of an Aryan a race. Hitler fought to create this society through creating an anti-Semitic movement, his motivationRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II927 Wor ds   |  4 Pagesshaped the world into what it is today. With the passing of yet another Veterans Day, people were reminded of the extraordinary sacrifices made by ordinary men and women who were unfortunate enough to have lived during times when their nations were at war. Many ordinary citizens lost their lives as a result of the war, just as soldiers did. While some survivors simply lived out their post war lives, others survived and influenced the world. One person who survived the atrocities of the Holocaust duringRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe holocaust was the genocide of European Jews and other groups by the Nazis during World War II. It lasted from 1933 to 1945, as a horrible time in history. Approximately 11 million people were killed, and almost 1 million of those killed were innocent children. It is well-known that there were a number of survivors, yet not many people know exactly how these people survived. The most known thing about the holocaust are the concentration camps. A concentration camp is defined by, â€Å"a place whereRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1177 Words   |  5 PagesThe Holocaust is well known around the world, and many people do not realize the devastation and the technology that was used in that time. What we knew before was that the Holocaust resulted in the death of six million jews, and was controlled by the Nazi Regime. Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Germany and came up with the Final Solution, a plan to exterminate all the people of Jewish faith or race during World War II. This then brought in the concept of concentration camps. Concentration campsRead MoreThe During World War II And Holocaust897 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many questions as to why the Nazis decided to do what they did to the Jews, gays, and ill during World War II and Holocaust. Nazis after the Holocaust had been interviewed by psychologists, such as Leon Goldensohn and p sychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich, to see and try to better understand the reasons behind Fascism and why these acts were performed. Leon Goldensohn was an American psychiatrist and also one of the prison psychiatrists at Nuremberg that helped perform the interviews on prisonersRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II901 Words   |  4 Pagesour elders, because they have authority over the world since they have been here the longest. We were raised to comply with the demand of someone who had authority over us. According to Patricia Werhane (1), â€Å"In the early1960’s Stanley Milgram undertook his noteworthy study of human obedience to authority. Puzzled by the question of how otherwise decent people could knowingly contribute to the massive genocide of the Holocaust during World War II, Milgram designed an experiment that sought to causeRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1934 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Holocaust during World War II, which not only stimulated religious u nrest in Europe, but also the rest of the world. With the German Dictator, Adolf Hitler, and his rise to power in 1933, a period of despair and fear for the Jewish population throughout Europe erupted. As Adolf Hitler commenced his plan to build the perfect German race, he set forth the motion of a mass extinction of the Jewish population, known as The Holocaust. The Holocaust lasted from 1933 to the end of World War II and hadRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1720 Words   |  7 PagesIrania De La O Grade 8 The Holocaust Eleven million innocent people died and many did not know what they did or why it was happening to them (Rice 11). The Holocaust happened because of the Germans after World War 2 thought that the reason that their economy was falling down was because of Jewish people. The Holocaust followed the Ladder of Prejudice is a started with speech and moved its way up to â€Å"The Final Solution† also known as extermination. Hitler did not start with killing Jews. He killedRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Nazi Regime During World War II Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The Second World War is seen by the modern world to be the most famous war that shaped the communities of the world today, but for the Jewish community in Europe at the time this was the war to fight for their own existence. The Holocaust was the systematic extinction of six million Jews by the Nazi regime during World War 2. Of the millions of Jewish people that lost their lives there were many that did resist and did escape the Nazism and Nazi racial policy that was conducted on the

Lysander the Spartan General

Lysander was one of the Heraclidae at Sparta, but not a member of the royal families. Not much is known about his early life. His family was not wealthy, and we dont know how Lysander came to be entrusted with military commands. The Spartan Fleet in the Aegean When Alcibiades rejoined the Athenian side towards the end of the Peloponnesian War, Lysander was put in charge of the Spartan fleet in the Aegean, based at Ephesus (407). It was Lysanders decree that merchant shipping put into Ephesus and his foundation of shipyards there, that started its rise to prosperity. Persuading Cyrus to Help the Spartans Lysander persuaded Cyrus, the Great Kings son, to help the Spartans. When Lysander was leaving, Cyrus wanted to give him a present, and Lysander asked for Cyrus to fund an increase in the sailors pay, thus inducing sailors serving in the Athenian fleet to come over to the higher-paying Spartan fleet. While Alcibiades was away, his lieutenant Antiochus provoked Lysander into a sea battle which Lysander won. The Athenians thereupon removed Alcibiades from his command. Callicratides  as Lysanders Successor Lysander gained partisans for Sparta amongst the cities subject to Athens by promising to install decemvirates, and promoting the interests of potentially useful allies amongst their citizens. When the Spartans chose Callicratides as Lysanders successor, Lysander undermined his position by sending the funds for the increase in payback to Cyrus and taking the fleet back to the Peloponnese with him. The Battle of Arginusae (406) When Callicratides died after the battle of Arginusae (406), Spartas allies requested that Lysander is made admiral again. This was against Spartan law, so Aracus was made admiral, with Lysander as his deputy in name, but the actual commander. Ending the  Peloponnesian War It was Lysander who was responsible for the final defeat of the Athenian navy at Aegospotami, thus ending the Peloponnesian War. He joined the Spartan kings, Agis and Pausanias, in Attica. When Athens finally succumbed after the siege, Lysander installed a government of thirty, later remembered as the Thirty Tyrants (404). Unpopular Throughout Greece Lysanders promotion of his friends interests and vindictiveness against those who displeased him made him unpopular throughout Greece. When the Persian satrap Pharnabazus complained, the Spartan ephors recalled Lysander. There resulted in a power struggle within Sparta itself, with the kings favoring more democratic regimes in Greece in order to diminish Lysanders influence. King Agesilaus Instead of  Leontychides On the death of King Agis, Lysander was instrumental in Agis brother Agesilaus being made king instead of Leontychides, who was popularly supposed to be Alcibiades son rather than the kings. Lysander persuaded Agesilaus to mount an expedition to Asia to attack Persia, but when they arrived in the Greek Asian cities, Agesilaus grew jealous of the attention paid to Lysander and did everything he could to undermine Lysanders position. Finding himself unwanted there, Lysander returned to Sparta (396), where he may or may not have started a conspiracy to make the kingship elective amongst all Heraclidae or possibly all Spartiates, rather than confined to the royal families. War Between Sparta and Thebes   War broke out between Sparta and Thebes in 395, and Lysander was killed when his troops were surprised by a Theban ambush.

The Broken Window Theory Of Crime - 1921 Words

Criminologist James Q. Wilson and George Kelling developed the Broken Window theory. According to their theory they believed that crime is the inevitable result of disorder (Gladwell 155). The broken window theory is known as a disorder and as chaos, therefore, crimes become an issue due to the fact that the impression of no one being in charge causes crimes to happen one after another and worsening along the way. An example often used is a broken window, which leads to another broken window, to graffiti, to loitering, etc. The disorder, the chaos and the abandonment of something or a place causes crimes to be followed one after another - crime is contagious (Gladwell 155). According to the broken window theory, broken windows should not be left alone. They should be fixed in order for crime to decrease; therefor broken windows should not be tolerated due to the fact that it may cause an increase of crimes as well. The rise of a question then forms from this theory, because many dep artments use the broken window theory. Officers are known for keeping the law and keeping order. The officers are given a duty of addressing minor life threatening offenses and social disorder, which prevents major crimes to happen. They are to disapprove and stop crimes. But is the broken window theory broken itself when it comes to law enforcement. Could they be doing more wrong than actually doing well? Because officers are not only stopping crimes, but they are causing more troubleShow MoreRelatedIs Broken Windows A Broken Theory Of Crime?1130 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Is Broken Windows a Broken Theory of Crime?† Kevin Drum defines the Broken Windows theory as a theory which â€Å"suggests that tolerance of small acts of disorder creates an environment that leads to rising amounts of serious crime. So if police crack down on small offenses – petty vandalism, public lewdness, etc. – crime reductions will follow† Though this theory has been around for a long time, it is still not a sound theory of crime. The Broken Windows theory is not a sound theory of crime becauseRead MoreCrime And The Broken Window Theory1486 Words   |  6 PagesAt one point, crime in America grew 13 times faster than population. Between 1965 and 1980s, crimes in every category rose to a record high in New York. Burglary related crimes rose from 183,443 to 360,925. Larceny-theft rose from 253,353 to 535. Vehicle theft rose from 58,452 to 171,007. Assault rose from 27,464 to 91,571. Murder rose from 836 to 2,228. However, during the 1990s, crime in New York crime tipped. Crime fell to a record low. Murder rates, burglary, larceny-theft, vehicle theft, assaultRead MoreThe Broken Windows Theory Set The Standards of Law Enforcement1137 Words   |  5 Pagestheir â€Å"Broken Windows Theory† and how this has changed law enforcement today. Topic I. The Broken Windows set the standards for law enforcement. A. Early Beginnings of the Broken Windows theory. B. Specific arguments regarding the Broken Windows theory. C. Community Policing was brought to New York City. Topic II. Furthermore, the criminal justice system brought up new ideals with the Broken Windows theory. A. Zero tolerance policy came about. B. Proactive approach on crime. C. Serious crimes versusRead MoreBroken Window Theory1232 Words   |  5 Pages11/10/14 Criminology Broken windows theory Abstract The broken window theory is a form of law that stops serious and non violent crimes, which can be reduced crime in urban cities. This strict enforcement is to stop non violent crimes such as skipping school, graffiti, vandalism and not paying fair. This law was first introduced in New York City in 1980, ever since the level of crimes has dropped even violent crimes such as rape, murder has gone down. NewRead MoreTheories on Why Crime Occurs Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesCriminological theories have been used on a micro and macro level scale in order to search for an answer as to why people commit crimes. The broken windows theory and routine activity theory have been selected as the two theories provide different perspectives as to why crime occurs, and how to solve crime. The theories will be examined in order get a historical origins, outline main principles, distinguishing characteristics, misconceptions and critaziams of each theory. Broken Window Theory OriginsRead MoreBroken Windows Was Originated By Social Scientist James Q. Wilson896 Words   |  4 Pages Broken Windows was originated by social scientist James Q. Wilson. and George Kelling the model was focused on the important of disorder â€Å"broken windows† in generating and sustaining more serious crime. In this case disorder was not directly linked to serious crimes but instead disorder lead to increased fear and withdrawal from residents, which allowed much serious crimes to come about because of the decreased of informal social control. Police can play a key role in disrupting this process IfRead MoreEssay On Broken Windows Theory1236 Words   |  5 PagesJames Q. Wilson James Q. Wilson (1931-2012) was a highly respected scholar who devoted his life in political science, focusing on urban politics of the America in his early life, and later delved into the study of political organisations, policing and crime, bureaucracy and character and culture. He spent most of his life teaching political science at various renowned university, including UCLA and Harvard University. He also served numerous government commissions throughout his life and was frequentlyRead MoreBroken Windows Policing : Effective And Sustaining Serious Crime1505 Words   |  7 Pagesimplemented, one of which is known as Broken Windows Policing. The style of Broken Windows policing has a few different goals and has been used in certain cities in the Unites States. Though it has been used, the question on whether or not it is an effective style of policing still remains. Of the many policing strategies that have been used, Broken Windows Policing is one that has remained questionable when it comes to its effectiveness. The model of Broken Windows Policing focuses on how disorderRead MoreBroken Window Theory By James Q. Wilson1488 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Broken Window Theory This paper is going to discuss the Broken Window Theory. According to the textbook, â€Å"the Broken Window Theory is an informal theory of police responsibilities when they are controlling low level disorders and the relationship to more serious crimes.† (Criminal Justice) According to the Britannica website, â€Å"broken windows theory, academic theory proposed by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling in 1982 that used broken windows as a metaphor for disorder within neighborhoodsRead MoreGovernment officials are continually searching for ways to increase the safety of its citizens.1600 Words   |  7 Pagesas the Broken Windows Theory. Applying this theory in the urban setting can increase the quality of living for the area citizens, help prevent future crimes, and promote a positive relationship between the police force and the citizens. James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling were not the first researchers to point out the damaging effects that disorder, such as run-down buildings and graffiti, had on communities. They were, however, the first to accuse disorder of actually encouraging crime. (Gau

Saint Luke free essay sample

It is believed that he was born a Greek and a Gentile. The main things St. Luke is noted for are being a physician, being a missionary with St. Paul and writing one of the four Gospels of Jesus. He also wrote the Acts of the Apostles. The Gospel according to St. Luke is the most descriptive of all four Gospels. St. Luke describes in detail the miracles and many parables of Jesus. The Gospel of Luke focuses on the poor and social justice. He emphasizes Christ’s compassion for sinners and for those who suffered. He also describes the life and teachings of Jesus. He was one of â€Å"the seventy† and worked with St. Paul traveling to Rome and converting Jews and pagans to Christianity. He was also with Paul during several of his confinements. . Saint Luke is often shown with an ox or a calf because these are the symbols of sacrifice the sacrifice Jesus made for the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Saint Luke or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page St. Luke is known as the patron saint of physicians and surgeons. It has been proven that Luke lived a long life and died 84 AD. The Gospel of Saint Luke gives a good idea of his character as one who loved the poor, who wanted God’s kingdom open to all, who respected women and saw hope in God’s mercy for everyone. Saint Luke tried to help anyone who suffered and emphasizes Christ’s compassion for sinners. We see that Luke, as a doctor, understood Jesus’ concern for every kind of suffering. Jesus turned toward sinners and showed his love for the poor, the sick and those who lost their way. During his missions with St. Paul, Luke tried to live the same way. He was always there for people who needed them. He set time apart to help people learn about the life and teachings of Jesus. He was known as the patron saint of physicians because he never gave up on people who were sick and never let them suffer. He had a good attitude towards everyone and always wanted to help them. He saw the good in everyone. I would like to imitate the actions of Saint Luke in my life. Luke was able to follow Jesus’ example and see the good in everyone. That is not always an easy thing to do. If someone hurts us, we tend to turn away from them. Saint Luke stresses forgiveness. The Gospel of Luke makes us take a look at how we act and decide if our behavior is living like Jesus taught us. In my life, I am going to try to be more accepting to others and to make sure no one is excluded. I will also take the time to do special things for the poor and the less fortunate. Saint Luke is a good example of how we should try to be in life. He stressed that everyone is not perfect. We should put our efforts towards those that need us the most. Saint Luke showed his character by giving up his life to serve others. He was an accomplished writer and physician but he chose to follow Jesus and spread his word. He also used his talents as a writer to help others learn about God and as physician to help those who suffered. He put others before himself and felt everyone should have hope and that everyone deserved a place in God’s kingdom.